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Bhagavad Gita · 18.18 · Yoga through the Perfection of Renunciation and Surrender·18 of 78

ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं परिज्ञाता त्रिविधा कर्मचोदनाकरणं कर्म कर्तेति त्रिविधः कर्मसंग्रहः

jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ parijñātā tri-vidhā karma-chodanā

karaṇaṁ karma karteti tri-vidhaḥ karma-saṅgrahaḥ

Sanskrit recitation

What makes an action · 18.13–18.28 · Teaching

Translation

Knowledge, the knowable, and the knower form the threefold impulse for action; the organ, the action, and the agent form the threefold basis of action.

Meaning

Knowledge, the knower and the thing to be known, are together the seed of this world. This is known as the Triputi or the traid. It is the conjunction of these three that impels a man to threefold action, viz., mental, verbal and physical. This triad is the driving force of all the activities of man. He rejoices at the sight of palatable sweetmeats and delicious fruits but is terrified at the sight of a cobra or tiger. The sight of pleasant or unpleasant objects affects him and he attempts either to possess the agreeable objects or to avoid the disagreeable ones.The Antahkarana (the inner instrument) consists of the mind, intellect, subconscious mind and egoism. The ear, the skin, the tongue, the nose and the eye are the five organs of knowledge. The individual soul, propelled by these five senses, is led into activity. He does actions with the help of the five organs of action, viz., speech, hands, feet, genitals and anus.Jnanam Any knowledge knowledge in general knowledge of worldly objects, etc.Jneyam The object to be known objects in general.Parijnata The knower, the experiencer or the enjoyer, putting on the nature of the limiting adjuncts, a creature of ignorance.This triad forms the threefold impulse to all action, to action in general

After Swami Sivananda

What makes an action· 18.13–18.28

Teachers usually read this idea across several verses together, one shared reflection covers the whole unit.

Word-by-word
iti
thus
karma
the act
kartā
the doer
jñeyam
the object of knowledge
jñānam
knowledge
karaṇam
the instrumens of action
tri-vidhā
three factors
parijñātā
the knower
tri-vidhaḥ
threefold
karma-chodanā
factors that induce action
karma-saṅgrahaḥ
constituents of action

Related verses

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