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Bhagavad Gita · 11.39 · Yoga through Beholding the Cosmic Form of God·39 of 55

वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणः शशाङ्कः प्रजापतिस्त्वं प्रपितामहश्चनमो नमस्तेऽस्तु सहस्रकृत्वः पुनश्च भूयोऽपि नमो नमस्ते

vāyur yamo ’gnir varuṇaḥ śhaśhāṅkaḥ prajāpatis tvaṁ prapitāmahaśh cha

namo namas te ’stu sahasra-kṛitvaḥ punaśh cha bhūyo ’pi namo namas te

Sanskrit recitation

After awe — devotion · 11.35–11.55 · Teaching

Translation

You are Vayu, Yama, Agni, Varuna, the moon, the Creator, and the great-grandfather. I offer my salutations to You a thousand times, and again I offer my salutations to You.

Meaning

Prajapati Marichi and others were the seven mindborn sons of Brahma. Kasyapa descended from Marichi and from Kasyapa came all other progeny. Therefore, Marichi, Kasyapa and others are known as Prajapatis or the gods or progeny. The word Prajapati here is interpreted by some as Kasyapa and other Prajapatis. But as the word has been used here in the singular number it is appropriate to take Brahma as Prajapati. Brahma is the grandfather (Pitamaha) of Kasyapa. Brahma or the Hiranyagarbha is the Karya Brahman (effect). Isvara is the Karana Brahman (the cause for Brahma). Therefore, Isvara is the greatgrandfather. He is the father of,even Brahma.Isvara has Maya as the limiting adjunct. Maya is His causal body. Isvara has no plane. Maya is in an undifferentiated state. She is in a state where the alities of Nature (Gunas) are in eilibrium. When the eilibrium is disturbed through the will of Isvara, the three Gunas, Brahma, Vishnu and Siva manifest.Thou art the moon alludes to and includes the sun also.Punah, Bhuyah Again. Salutations a thousand times and again salutations. This indicates that Arjuna had intense faith in and boundless devotion for Lord Krishna. He was not satisfied even if he prostrated himself a thousand times.

After Swami Sivananda

After awe — devotion· 11.35–11.55

Teachers usually read this idea across several verses together, one shared reflection covers the whole unit.

Word-by-word
te
unto you
api
also
cha
and
astu
let there be
tvam
you
agniḥ
the god of fire
namaḥ
(offering) my salutations
yamaḥ
the god of death
vāyuḥ
the god of wind
bhūyaḥ
again
namaḥ te
offering my salutations unto you
punaḥ cha
and again
varuṇaḥ
the god of water
prajāpatiḥ
Brahma
prapitāmahaḥ
the great-grandfather
śhaśha-aṅkaḥ
the moon-God
sahasra-kṛitvaḥ
a thousand times

Related verses

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