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Bhagavad Gita · 4.16 · Path of Knowledge and the Disciplines of Action·16 of 42

किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताःतत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात्

kiṁ karma kim akarmeti kavayo ’pyatra mohitāḥ tat

te karma pravakṣhyāmi yaj jñātvā mokṣhyase ’śhubhāt

Sanskrit recitation

What counts as real action · 4.16–4.23 · Teaching

Translation

What is action? What is inaction? Even the wise are confused about this. Therefore, I shall teach you the nature of action and inaction, by knowing which you will be liberated from the evil of Samsara, the wheel of birth and death.

Meaning

Action in Kṛṣṇa consciousness has to be executed in accord with the examples of previous bona fide devotees. This is recommended in the fifteenth verse. Why such action should not be independent will be explained in the text to follow. To act in Kṛṣṇa consciousness, one has to follow the leadership of authorized persons who are in a line of disciplic succession as explained in the beginning of this chapter. The system of Kṛṣṇa consciousness was first narrated to the sun-god, the sun-god explained it to his son Manu, Manu explained it to his son Ikṣvāku, and the system is current on this earth from that very remote time. Therefore, one has to follow in the footsteps of previous authorities in the line of disciplic succession. Otherwise even the most intelligent men will be bewildered regarding the standard actions of Kṛṣṇa consciousness. For this reason, the Lord decided to instruct Arjuna in Kṛṣṇa consciousness directly. Because of the direct instruction of the Lord to Arjuna, anyone who follows in the footsteps of Arjuna is certainly not bewildered. It is said that one cannot ascertain the ways of religion simply by imperfect experimental knowledge. Actually, the principles of religion can only be laid down by the Lord Himself. Dharmaṁ tu sākṣād bhagavat-praṇītam ( Bhāg. 6.3.19). No one can manufacture a religious principle by imperfect speculation. One must follow in the footsteps of great authorities like Brahmā, Śiva, Nārada, Manu, the Kumāras, Kapila, Prahlāda, Bhīṣma, Śukadeva Gosvāmī, Yamarāja, Janaka and Bali Mahārāja. By mental speculation one cannot ascertain what is religion or self-realization. Therefore, out of causeless mercy to His devotees, the Lord explains directly to Arjuna what action is and what inaction is. Only action performed in Kṛṣṇa consciousness can deliver a person from the entanglement of material existence.

After Swami Sivananda

What counts as real action· 4.16–4.23

Teachers usually read this idea across several verses together, one shared reflection covers the whole unit.

Word-by-word
te
to you
api
even
iti
thus
kim
what
tat
that
yat
which
atra
in this
karma
action
akarma
inaction
jñātvā
knowing
kavayaḥ
the wise
aśhubhāt
from inauspiciousness
mohitāḥ
are confused
mokṣhyase
you may free yourself
pravakṣhyāmi
I shall explain

Related verses

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